{"id":56,"date":"2024-04-16T09:01:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T08:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh-draft\/?page_id=56"},"modified":"2025-11-11T11:39:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T11:39:37","slug":"antimicrobial-resistance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/research\/antimicrobial-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"Antimicrobial resistance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Global Section &#8211; Main Menu&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#0071b3&#8243; min_height=&#8221;38px&#8221; max_height=&#8221;150px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-20px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5px||0px||false|false&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;81px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_menu menu_id=&#8221;7&#8243; active_link_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; menu_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; menu_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#0071b3&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_menu][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Section &#8211; Breadcrumbs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-50px|auto||auto|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][lwp_divi_breadcrumbs home_text=&#8221;IGH&#8221; font_icon=&#8221;&#x35;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; module_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; global_module=&#8221;311&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/lwp_divi_breadcrumbs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Title Section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-110px||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_post_title meta=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;35px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Intro&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span>Our research <\/span><span>addresses the complexity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by <\/span><span>targeting multiple <\/span><span>facets<\/span> <span>of the problem.<\/span> <span>Using microbial molecular genetics<\/span><span>\u00a0ou<\/span><span>r<\/span><span> researchers<\/span><span> investigate the<\/span><span> evolution<\/span><span>, <\/span><span>spread<\/span><span>, <\/span><span>and <\/span><span>the <\/span><span>molecular basis of <\/span><span>AMR<\/span> <span>in<\/span> <span>bacterial<\/span> <span>pathogens<\/span><span>. <\/span><span>Our work focuses<\/span> <span>on<\/span> <span>unravelling the<\/span> <span>success of AMR pathogens and <\/span><span>how antibiotic resistance <\/span><span>influences<\/span><span> disease<\/span><span> and <\/span><span>colonisation<\/span><span>.<\/span> <span>Recognising <\/span><span>that AMR is not just a problem of <\/span><span>pathogens and disease, <\/span><span>we <\/span><span>work <\/span><span>in an interdisciplinary way<\/span><span> integrat<\/span><span>ing<\/span> <span>clinical<\/span><span>,<\/span><span> scientific<\/span><span>, <\/span><span>and behavioural<\/span> <span>data <\/span><span>to study the bu<\/span><span>rden and drivers o<\/span><span>f AMR.<\/span> <span>We <\/span><span>are also addressin<\/span><span>g the<\/span><span> problem of decreasing <\/span><span>effective <\/span><span>antibiotic<\/span> <span>treatment <\/span><span>option<\/span><span>s<\/span><span> due to rising AM<\/span><span>R<\/span><span>,<\/span><span> by conducting research that is developing novel <\/span><span>therapeutics<\/span><span> approaches<\/span><span>, and also <\/span><span>research l<\/span><span>ooking to repurpos<\/span><span>e<\/span>\u00a0<span>existing antibiotics and drugs <\/span><span>throu<\/span><span>gh combination <\/span><span>therap<\/span><span>ies<\/span><span>.<\/span><span><\/span><span> combinations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#f1f1f1&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Title&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Principal Investigators<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; gutter_width=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text &#8211; Matthew&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<!-- pure output start --><!-- pure output start --><style>\n.pureProfileListItem {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h3 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.3em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h4 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.1em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem:after {\n  content: \"\";\n  display: table;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n.pureImage {\n  object-fit: none; \/* Do not scale the image *\/\n  object-position: center; \/* Center the image within the element *\/\n  height: auto;\n  width:50px;\n  height:50px;\n  overflow:hidden;\n  float:left;\n  margin-right: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n.pureTextArea {\n\twidth: 80%;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n\n\n.pureName {\n\n}\n.pureJob {\n\n}\n.pureContact {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n.purePhone {\n}\n.pureEmail {\n}\n.pureJob {\n}\n.pureProfileKeywords {\n\tfont-style:italic;\n\tdisplay: inline-block;\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n\n<\/style><a href=\"https:\/\/research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/029e1abe-7829-4bc3-accf-9d9e392f274c\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"pureProfileListItem\"><div class=\"pureImage\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pure.st-andrews.ac.uk\/portal\/files\/324299075\/medium.jpg\" alt=\"mtgh\"><\/div><div class=\"pureTextArea\"><div class=\"pureName\"><h3>Prof Matthew Holden<\/h3><\/div><h4><div class=\"pureJob\">Professor<\/div><\/h4><div class=\"pureContact\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a>\n<!-- pure output end -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text &#8211; Andreas&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<!-- pure output start --><!-- pure output start --><style>\n.pureProfileListItem {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h3 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.3em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h4 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.1em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem:after {\n  content: \"\";\n  display: table;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n.pureImage {\n  object-fit: none; \/* Do not scale the image *\/\n  object-position: center; \/* Center the image within the element *\/\n  height: auto;\n  width:50px;\n  height:50px;\n  overflow:hidden;\n  float:left;\n  margin-right: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n.pureTextArea {\n\twidth: 80%;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n\n\n.pureName {\n\n}\n.pureJob {\n\n}\n.pureContact {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n.purePhone {\n}\n.pureEmail {\n}\n.pureJob {\n}\n.pureProfileKeywords {\n\tfont-style:italic;\n\tdisplay: inline-block;\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n\n<\/style><a href=\"https:\/\/research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/bec7306b-d4f9-4f98-afac-b83f885e4b39\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"pureProfileListItem\"><div class=\"pureImage\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pure.st-andrews.ac.uk\/portal\/files\/324299792\/medium.jpg\" alt=\"daw28\"><\/div><div class=\"pureTextArea\"><div class=\"pureName\"><h3>Prof Deborah Williamson<\/h3><\/div><h4><div class=\"pureJob\">Dean of Medicine & Head of School<\/div><div class=\"pureJob\">Professor of Medicine<\/div><\/h4><div class=\"pureContact\"><\/div><div class=\"pureContact\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a>\n<!-- pure output end -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text &#8211; Andreas&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<!-- pure output start --><!-- pure output start --><style>\n.pureProfileListItem {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h3 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.3em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h4 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.1em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem:after {\n  content: \"\";\n  display: table;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n.pureImage {\n  object-fit: none; \/* Do not scale the image *\/\n  object-position: center; \/* Center the image within the element *\/\n  height: auto;\n  width:50px;\n  height:50px;\n  overflow:hidden;\n  float:left;\n  margin-right: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n.pureTextArea {\n\twidth: 80%;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n\n\n.pureName {\n\n}\n.pureJob {\n\n}\n.pureContact {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n.purePhone {\n}\n.pureEmail {\n}\n.pureJob {\n}\n.pureProfileKeywords {\n\tfont-style:italic;\n\tdisplay: inline-block;\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n\n<\/style><a href=\"https:\/\/research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/f39093c5-44b6-4bc1-b842-2369560ad6a2\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"pureProfileListItem\"><div class=\"pureImage\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pure.st-andrews.ac.uk\/portal\/files\/324303187\/medium.jpg\" alt=\"afh22\"><\/div><div class=\"pureTextArea\"><div class=\"pureName\"><h3>Dr Andreas Haag<\/h3><\/div><h4><div class=\"pureJob\">Lecturer<\/div><\/h4><div class=\"pureContact\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a>\n<!-- pure output end -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text &#8211; Andreas&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<!-- pure output start --><!-- pure output start --><style>\n.pureProfileListItem {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h3 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.3em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h4 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.1em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem:after {\n  content: \"\";\n  display: table;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n.pureImage {\n  object-fit: none; \/* Do not scale the image *\/\n  object-position: center; \/* Center the image within the element *\/\n  height: auto;\n  width:50px;\n  height:50px;\n  overflow:hidden;\n  float:left;\n  margin-right: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n.pureTextArea {\n\twidth: 80%;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n\n\n.pureName {\n\n}\n.pureJob {\n\n}\n.pureContact {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n.purePhone {\n}\n.pureEmail {\n}\n.pureJob {\n}\n.pureProfileKeywords {\n\tfont-style:italic;\n\tdisplay: inline-block;\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n\n<\/style><a href=\"https:\/\/research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/34baeeaa-fa44-4564-9b1a-140ecffbc128\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"pureProfileListItem\"><div class=\"pureImage\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pure.st-andrews.ac.uk\/portal\/files\/324306565\/medium.jpg\" alt=\"jp287\"><\/div><div class=\"pureTextArea\"><div class=\"pureName\"><h3>Dr Jaclyn Pearson<\/h3><\/div><h4><div class=\"pureJob\">Lecturer<\/div><\/h4><div class=\"pureContact\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a>\n<!-- pure output end -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text &#8211; Nicholas&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<!-- pure output start --><!-- pure output start --><style>\n.pureProfileListItem {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h3 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.3em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h4 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.1em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem:after {\n  content: \"\";\n  display: table;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n.pureImage {\n  object-fit: none; \/* Do not scale the image *\/\n  object-position: center; \/* Center the image within the element *\/\n  height: auto;\n  width:50px;\n  height:50px;\n  overflow:hidden;\n  float:left;\n  margin-right: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n.pureTextArea {\n\twidth: 80%;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n\n\n.pureName {\n\n}\n.pureJob {\n\n}\n.pureContact {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n.purePhone {\n}\n.pureEmail {\n}\n.pureJob {\n}\n.pureProfileKeywords {\n\tfont-style:italic;\n\tdisplay: inline-block;\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n\n<\/style><a href=\"https:\/\/research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/156af3a8-1d08-4923-b3be-3496bf0328ec\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"pureProfileListItem\"><div class=\"pureImage\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pure.st-andrews.ac.uk\/portal\/files\/333714444\/medium.jpg\" alt=\"naf6\"><\/div><div class=\"pureTextArea\"><div class=\"pureName\"><h3>Prof Nicholas Feasey<\/h3><\/div><h4><div class=\"pureJob\">Sir James Black Chair<\/div><\/h4><div class=\"pureContact\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a>\n<!-- pure output end -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text &#8211; Robert&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<!-- pure output start --><!-- pure output start --><style>\n.pureProfileListItem {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\twidth: 100%;\n\tmargin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h3 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.3em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem h4 {\n\tfont-size: calc(0.9 * 1.1em);\n}\n\n.pureProfileListItem:after {\n  content: \"\";\n  display: table;\n  clear: both;\n}\n\n.pureImage {\n  object-fit: none; \/* Do not scale the image *\/\n  object-position: center; \/* Center the image within the element *\/\n  height: auto;\n  width:50px;\n  height:50px;\n  overflow:hidden;\n  float:left;\n  margin-right: 10px;\n  margin-bottom: 15px;\n}\n.pureTextArea {\n\twidth: 80%;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n\n\n.pureName {\n\n}\n.pureJob {\n\n}\n.pureContact {\n\tdisplay: block;\n\tfloat:left;\n}\n.purePhone {\n}\n.pureEmail {\n}\n.pureJob {\n}\n.pureProfileKeywords {\n\tfont-style:italic;\n\tdisplay: inline-block;\n\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n\n\n<\/style><a href=\"https:\/\/research-portal.st-andrews.ac.uk\/en\/persons\/7a5f059f-c6b0-4ff9-83e0-490fe9ce49a6\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"pureProfileListItem\"><div class=\"pureImage\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pure.st-andrews.ac.uk\/portal\/files\/324310273\/medium.jpg\" alt=\"rjhh\"><\/div><div class=\"pureTextArea\"><div class=\"pureName\"><h3>Dr Robert Hammond<\/h3><\/div><h4><div class=\"pureJob\">Lecturer<\/div><\/h4><div class=\"pureContact\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a>\n<!-- pure output end -->\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Section &#8211; Projects&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.23.1&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Title&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Projects of Interest<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/research\/antimicrobial-resistance\/hatua\/&#8221; button_text=&#8221;HATUA&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Btn &#8211; HATUA&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; button_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;-85px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|0px|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The HATUA study (Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa) established an East African AMR Surveillance Network across three countries: Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. The project characterised the ABR bacteria that cause disease in these locations, mapped the use of ABs and captured the behaviour and attitudes of AB use in humans.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/research\/antimicrobial-resistance\/care\/&#8221; button_text=&#8221;CARE&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Btn &#8211; CARE&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; button_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;-85px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|0px|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The interdisciplinary CARE study (COVID-19 and Antimicrobial Resistance in East Africa &#8211; impact and response) investigated the extent to which COVID-19 changed health-seeking behaviour for common bacterial illnesses and the availability and usage of antibiotics in both Tanzania and Uganda.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/research\/antimicrobial-resistance\/combination\/&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Combination Therapy&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Btn &#8211; Combination Therapy&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; button_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;-85px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|0px|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Antibiotics are a precious resource but are not always treated as such. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the past 80 years has lead to an alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Combining antibiotics into single therapies can not only drastically reduce the chance of resistance occurring in the bacterial pathogen but also lower the concentrations of the antibiotics such that toxicity to the patient is significantly reduced.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/research\/antimicrobial-resistance\/mycobacterial\/&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Mycobacterial Resistance&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Btn &#8211; Mycobacterial&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; button_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;-85px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|0px|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.25.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Tuberculosis is caused by the bacillus <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/em> (Mtb). Mtb can enter a so-called dormant state after infecting the lung of a patient. Once the bacterium has become dormant the patient enters a new phase of infection- latent TB. Latent TB can become active TB again- this process is known as relapse. Dormant Mtb are typified by a lowered metabolism and containing lipid inclusion vesicles (LBs). This lowered metabolism makes Mtb less susceptible to the typical antibiotics we use to treat TB. The LBs make the dormant bacteria identifiable by microscopy. We can identify and quantify the LB-Mtb from infected patients and estimate their risk of drug resistance and chance of developing latent TB and identify if a patient with active TB was a case of relapse or a novel infection.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/research\/antimicrobial-resistance\/neonatal-sepsis\/&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Neonatal sepsis&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Btn &#8211; Neonatal sepsis&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; button_on_hover=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||5px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;-85px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|0px|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of infant mortality globally and is intrinsically linked with antimicrobial resistance, especially in Low and Middle Income Countries. It presents a unique and critical challenge to healthcare systems globally and prevention of this often-catastrophic illness is preferable to cure of an established infection. We aim to develop an interdisciplinary Global Research Centre addressing neonatal sepsis in Scotland and Africa.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_pb_module lwp_divi_breadcrumbs lwp_divi_breadcrumbs_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module_inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lwp-breadcrumbs\"> <span class=\"before\"><\/span> <span vocab=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/\" typeof=\"BreadcrumbList\"><span property=\"itemListElement\" typeof=\"ListItem\"><a property=\"item\" typeof=\"WebPage\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/\" class=\"home\"><span property=\"name\">IGH<\/span><\/a><meta property=\"position\" content=\"1\"><\/span> <span class=\"separator et-pb-icon\">5<\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>Our research addresses the complexity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by targeting multiple facets of the problem. Using microbial molecular genetics\u00a0our researchers investigate the evolution, spread, and the molecular basis of AMR in bacterial pathogens. Our work focuses on unravelling the success of AMR pathogens and how [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":126,"featured_media":0,"parent":37,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-56","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/126"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/igh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}