{"id":7309,"date":"2023-03-08T11:42:50","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T11:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/arclight\/?page_id=7309"},"modified":"2025-10-01T11:57:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T10:57:56","slug":"fundal-aka-red-reflex-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/arclight\/research\/fundal-aka-red-reflex-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundal (\u2018red\u2019) Reflex Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Header Image&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/arclight\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/40\/2021\/03\/20210303-FRBanner.png&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;2560px&#8221; height=&#8221;540px&#8221; height_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; height_phone=&#8221;320px&#8221; height_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Page Title&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#423f3e&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;2560px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px|50px|10px|120px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;|0px||0px|false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset6&#8243; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;24px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_post_title meta=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;off&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; title_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; title_font_size=&#8221;32px&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; parallax=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;5px||5px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; text_orientation_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; text_orientation_phone=&#8221;center&#8221; text_orientation_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; parallax_effect=&#8221;on&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; border_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row &#8211; Breadcrumbs&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; global_module=&#8221;7551&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][lwp_divi_breadcrumbs font_icon=&#8221;&#x35;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/lwp_divi_breadcrumbs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.20.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Txt &#8211; Red Reflex&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>Fundal (\u2018red\u2019) Reflex Research<\/h3>\n<p>The WHO have recently recommended that the fundal reflex is performed in the neonatal period in low and middle income settings: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iapb.org\/blog\/who-includes-universal-newborn-eye-screening-in-their-first-ever-postnatal-care-guidelines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO recommends universal newborn eye screening <\/a>. The Arclight has been proposed at the device of choice.<\/p>\n<p>This is based on studies performed in Malawi, Tanzania and India where the device has been shown to be just as effective as more expensive ophthalmoscopes. These studies were performed in a wide range of settings including workshops using simulation eyes, pathology rich clinics and in the real-world rural settings by primary care nurses.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41433-024-03433-2&amp;data=05%7C02%7Ckmc33%40st-andrews.ac.uk%7C18b6482cdda94643b96708dd0a1fc6eb%7Cf85626cb0da849d3aa5864ef678ef01a%7C0%7C0%7C638677853791877624%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=TKLb0NOzj75sC5OB%2BOGUIyAdrm7MOiHPYJy07CyRQzk%3D&amp;reserved=0\">Decolonising the \u2018red\u2019 reflex test: transitioning from terminology based on colour to anatomy<\/a>. Kelly C, Anderson M, Smith H et al.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41433-020-1019-5\">Red reflex examination in reproductive and child health clinics for early detection of paediatric cataract and ocular media disorders: cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy and feasibility studies from Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. \u00a0<\/a><em>Mndeme, F.G., Mmbaga, B.T., Kim, M.J.\u00a0et al.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-020-01341-9\">Identification of amblyogenic risk factors with the Br\u00fcckner reflex test using the low-cost Arclight direct ophthalmoscope.\u00a0<\/a><em>Tuteja, S.Y., Blaikie, A. &amp; Kekunnaya, R.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjinnov-2019-000361\">Comparative evaluation of a low cost direct ophthalmoscope (Arclight) for red reflex assessment among healthcare workers in Malawi.<\/a><em><br \/>Dooley\u00a0E,\u00a0Kousha\u00a0O,\u00a0Msosa\u00a0J, et al.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11831941\/\">Effective low-cost pediatric vision screening by naive nonophthalmic examiners using the \u2018Arclight\u2019 device.<\/a> <em>Rujuta Gore, Jenny N Wang, Christopher D Yang, Miranda An, Stephen C Hunter, Kourosh Shahraki, Andrew Blaikie, Donny W Suh<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12182163\/\">Evaluation of primary healthcare worker training to screen children under 5 years of age with a low-cost alternative to the direct ophthalmoscope, the \u2018Arclight\u2019, as part of the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) programme in Tanzania.<\/a> <em>A N J Malik, Godfrey Furhini Mnedeme, Nemes Iriya, Philip Bahati, Henry Marealle, Andrew Blaikie, Mlika Mafwiri<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_pb_module lwp_divi_breadcrumbs lwp_divi_breadcrumbs_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module_inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"lwp-breadcrumbs\"> <span class=\"before\"><\/span> <span vocab=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/\" typeof=\"BreadcrumbList\"><span property=\"itemListElement\" typeof=\"ListItem\"><a property=\"item\" typeof=\"WebPage\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/arclight\/\" class=\"home\"><span property=\"name\">Home<\/span><\/a><meta property=\"position\" content=\"1\"><\/span> <span class=\"separator et-pb-icon\">5<\/span> <\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>Fundal (\u2018red\u2019) Reflex Research The WHO have recently recommended that the fundal reflex is performed in the neonatal period in low and middle income settings: WHO recommends universal newborn eye screening . The Arclight has been proposed at the device of choice. This is based on studies performed in Malawi, Tanzania [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":126,"featured_media":0,"parent":3863,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7309","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fundal (\u2018red\u2019) Reflex Research Home 5 Research 5 Fundal (\u2018red\u2019) Reflex Research Fundal (\u2018red\u2019) Reflex Research The WHO have recently recommended that the fundal reflex is performed in the neonatal period in low and middle income settings: WHO recommends universal newborn eye screening . 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