{"id":2125,"date":"2026-07-26T17:36:25","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T16:36:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/?page_id=2125"},"modified":"2026-07-27T17:46:28","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T16:46:28","slug":"sleep-prenatal-alcohol-exposure","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/projects\/sleep-prenatal-alcohol-exposure\/","title":{"rendered":"Sleep & Prenatal Alcohol Exposure"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” admin_label=”Header Section” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_header admin_label=”Sleep & PAE” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”|700|||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#1f4380″ title_font_size=”40px” title_line_height=”1.2em” content_font=”Poppins||||||||” background_enable_color=”off” background_layout=”light” custom_margin=”12px||-19px|||” custom_padding=”21px||0px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Sleep Disturbances in Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis<\/em><\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][et_pb_fullwidth_header button_two_text_tablet=”” button_two_text_phone=”” button_two_text_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Blurb” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h3″ title_font=”|700|||||||” title_text_align=”center” title_text_color=”#1f4380″ title_font_size=”50px” content_font=”Poppins||||||||” content_font_size=”19px” background_enable_color=”off” background_layout=”light” custom_margin=”5px|||||” custom_padding=”0px||10px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

It has long been established that prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to long-term neurological, cognitive, and physical effects that can impact the daily lives of affected children. However, recently it has been noted that children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure also experience higher rates of sleep problems. Given this finding, this study aimed to understand the extent of these sleep disturbances, namely their timing and severity, to hopefully inform behavioural interventions to support child wellbeing.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/07\/Sleep-Pre-Natal-Alcohol-Exposure-2-e1785024305609.png” title_text=”Sleep & Pre-Natal Alcohol Exposure (2)” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-35px|||||” custom_padding=”|222px|10px|222px||true” animation_style=”fade” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Context” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#568fc7″ custom_padding=”13px||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”12px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Context” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font=”Poppins|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_5_font=”Poppins||on||||||” header_5_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_font_size=”19px” custom_margin=”||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Context<\/h2>\n

How common is prenatal alcohol exposure? What are it’s effects? And how is it related to sleep?<\/h5>\n

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Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in neurological, cognitive, and physical deficits amongst affected children, affecting their daily life, education, and mental health<\/strong> (1-3).<\/p>\n

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Prenatal alcohol exposure is a widespread phenomenon with an estimated<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_number_counter title=”births being affected globally (4)” number=”9.8″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_font_size=”17px” number_font=”Poppins|800|||||||” number_text_color=”#FFFFFF” number_font_size=”60px” number_line_height=”90px” custom_padding=”0px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/07\/Screenshot-2026-07-25-at-13.16.03.png” title_text=”Screenshot 2026-07-25 at 13.16.03″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”|95px|8px|95px||true” animation_style=”flip” animation_direction=”left” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” text_font_size=”17px” header_5_font=”|700|||||||” header_5_text_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_margin=”11px||1px|||” custom_padding=”|0px|0px|0px||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

In the UK, this figure rises to an estimated\u00a0<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_number_counter title=”of women consuming alcohol while pregnant, with 25% of those engaging in binge drinking (5).” number=”79″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#FFFFFF” title_font_size=”17px” title_line_height=”1.1em” number_font=”Poppins|800|||||||” number_text_color=”#FFFFFF” number_font_size=”60px” number_line_height=”90px” custom_padding=”0px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#FFFFFF” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||11px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”The Link to Sleep” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” text_font_size=”18px” header_3_font=”Poppins|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_3_font_size=”30px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Link to Sleep<\/h3>\n

Recent research has suggested a close relationship between impaired sleep and prenatal alcohol exposure (6).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||13px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||900″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-30px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Researchers have observed that children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure have higher rates of sleep problems<\/strong> than their unaffected counterparts (7).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||900″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-30px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Sleep is also known to be vital to healthy\u00a0neurodevelopment, learning, emotional regulation, and memory<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||400″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-30px|||||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

… Therefore, sleep may be an important factor that mediates or exacerbates the severity of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders<\/strong> (2).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Aims & Methods” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#1f4380″ custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||3px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”The Study” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font=”Poppins|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_5_font=”Poppins||on||||||” header_5_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_font_size=”19px” custom_margin=”||2px|||” custom_padding=”||14px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Study<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/07\/Sleep-Pre-Natal-Alcohol-Exposure-3-e1785032563501.png” title_text=”Sleep & Pre-Natal Alcohol Exposure (3)” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Findings” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”1px||6px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||12px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Findings” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”18px” header_2_font=”Poppins|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1f4380″ header_2_font_size=”40px” custom_margin=”||-5px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Findings<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_margin=”-30px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”64px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider divider_weight=”5px” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”15px|-46px||||” custom_padding=”|45px||46px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Types of Sleep Problems” module_id=”FindingsSS” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#4e8fcf” header_text_color=”#1f4380″ header_2_font=”Poppins||||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1f4380″ header_2_font_size=”25px” custom_margin=”-16px||-13px|||” custom_padding=”|0px||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Types of Sleep Problems<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider divider_weight=”5px” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”15px|||||” custom_padding=”|45px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/07\/Sleep-Pre-Natal-Alcohol-Exposure-4.png” title_text=”Sleep & Pre-Natal Alcohol Exposure (4)” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-48px|||||” custom_padding=”|58px||58px||true” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_margin=”-30px|auto||auto||” custom_padding=”64px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider divider_weight=”5px” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”15px|-46px||||” custom_padding=”|45px||46px||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Timing & Severity of Sleep Problems” module_id=”FindingsSS” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#4e8fcf” header_text_color=”#1f4380″ header_2_font=”Poppins||||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1f4380″ header_2_font_size=”25px” custom_margin=”-16px||-13px|||” custom_padding=”|0px||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Timing & Severity of Sleep Problems<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider divider_weight=”5px” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”15px|||||” custom_padding=”|45px||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/07\/Sleep-Pre-Natal-Alcohol-Exposure-5-e1785038920235.png” title_text=”Sleep & Pre-Natal Alcohol Exposure (5)” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-48px|||||” custom_padding=”|58px|0px|58px||true” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#568fc7″ custom_padding=”15px||9px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font=”Poppins|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_5_font=”Poppins||on||||||” header_5_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_font_size=”19px” custom_margin=”||2px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Conclusions & Future Directions<\/h2>\n

What we learned and where do we go from here?<\/em><\/h5>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”17px” background_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding=”13px|24px|12px|22px||” border_width_all=”3px” border_color_all=”#1f4380″ box_shadow_style=”preset4″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

This study established a strong connection between prenatal alcohol exposure and sleep, underscoring the contributing role of poor sleep as a mediator and exacerbator of foetal alcohol syndrome symptoms (8).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||14px|||” animation_style=”slide” animation_direction=”bottom” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||900″ icon_color=”#FFFFFF” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_font_size=”18px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Research Directions<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Larger, longitudinal studies with more standardised sleep measurements need to be done to improve the statistical significance of these findings (8).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||fa||900″ icon_color=”#FFFFFF” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_font_size=”18px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Practice Points<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Addressing bedtime routines could be an achievable, impactful intervention in shaping sleep and wider health outcomes for children with prenatal alcohol exposure (8).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_icon font_icon=”||divi||400″ icon_color=”#FFFFFF” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_icon][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_5_font_size=”18px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Methodological Considerations<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Future studies need to consider the impact of external factors – such as family environments – modulating this relationship to better understand the problem and develop interventions (8).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Footer Section” _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#1f4380″ custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-43px|auto||auto||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Still curious? \/ Find more resources” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Poppins|800|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_3_font=”Poppins|600|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#94b2e0″ header_3_font_size=”30px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Still Curious?<\/h2>\n

Access the associated publication here<\/a>…<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/07\/Screenshot-2026-07-25-at-13.33.25.png” title_text=”Screenshot 2026-07-25 at 13.33.25″ url=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/2026\/07\/07\/sleep-disturbance-in-children-with-prenatal-alcohol-exposure-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis\/” admin_label=”Image\/Link to Resources” module_class=”lbe-resources-link” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”-16px|||||” custom_padding=”|218px||215px||” border_width_all=”4px” border_color_all=”#94b2e0″ box_shadow_style=”preset4″ box_shadow_color=”#94b2e0″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”14px||9px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Contact the Authors” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding=”||11px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

… Or contact the authors for more information.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/teensleepwell\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/05\/Dr-EG.jpeg” alt=”Joanne Cecil” icon_placement=”left” content_max_width=”100%” title_last_edited=”off|desktop” admin_label=”Blurb – EG” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” header_level=”h6″ header_text_color=”#FFFFFF” body_text_color=”#FFFFFF” background_layout=”dark” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”-30px||-12px|||” custom_padding=”|0px|7px|94px||” hover_enabled=”0″ border_radii_image=”on|100px|100px|100px|100px” border_color_all_image=”#141b41″ global_colors_info=”{}” title__hover_enabled=”off|desktop” content__hover_enabled=”off|desktop” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Dr. Emma Gale<\/b><\/h2>\n
Research Fellow in Child and Adolescent Sleep Health &\u00a0<\/span>Sleep Research Lead<\/span><\/h6>\n
Contact at: eg243@st-andrews.ac.uk<\/span><\/h6>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/57\/2026\/06\/Screenshot-2026-06-16-at-18.53.08.png” alt=”Joanne Cecil” icon_placement=”left” content_max_width=”100%” title_last_edited=”off|desktop” admin_label=”Blurb – CAH” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” header_level=”h5″ header_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_line_height=”1.5em” body_text_color=”#FFFFFF” body_line_height=”2em” background_layout=”dark” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”-30px||-12px|||” custom_padding=”|0px|7px|0px||” hover_enabled=”0″ border_radii_image=”on|100px|100px|100px|100px” border_color_all_image=”#141b41″ global_colors_info=”{}” title__hover_enabled=”off|desktop” content__hover_enabled=”off|desktop” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

Chloe Anna Hunt<\/b><\/h2>\n
Student Researcher<\/h5>\n

Email at: cah30@st-andrews.ac.uk<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5px||22px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.6″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#FFFFFF” divider_weight=”3px” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||8px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”References” _builder_version=”4.27.7″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” text_font_size=”14px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_4_font=”Poppins||||||||” header_4_text_color=”#FFFFFF” custom_padding=”|166px||166px||true” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Page References<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. Basavarajappa BS, Subbanna S. Synaptic plasticity abnormalities in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Cells 2023;12(3):442.<\/li>\n
  2. Maya-Enero S, Ramis-Fernandez SM, Astals-Vizcaino M, Garc\u00eda-Algar O. Neurocognitive and behavioral profile of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Anales de Pediatr\u00eda (English Edition) 2021;95(3):208. e1\u2013e9.<\/li>\n
  3. Jacobson SW, Hoyme HE, Carter RC, Dodge NC, Molteno CD, Meintjes EM, et al. Evolution of the physical phenotype of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood through adolescence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021;45(2):395\u2013408.<\/li>\n
  4. Popova S, Lange S, Probst C, Gmel G, Rehm J. Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Global Health 2017;5(3):e290\u20139.<\/li>\n
  5. McQuire C, Mukherjee R, Hurt L, Higgins A, Greene G, Farewell D, et al. Screening prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in a region of the United Kingdom: a population-based birth-cohort study. Prev Med 2019;118:344\u201351.<\/li>\n
  6. Wilson DA, Sullivan RM, Smiley JF, Saito M, Raineki C. Developmental alcohol<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    exposure is exhausting: sleep and the enduring consequences of alcohol exposure during development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024;158:105567.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Gerstner T. Sleep disturbances, epilepsy, EEG findings and clinical function in Norwegian children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. 2024.<\/li>\n
    2. Gale EL, Hunt CA. Sleep disturbance in children with prenatal alcohol exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2025;84:102186<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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      Sleep Disturbances in Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure A Systematic Review & Meta-AnalysisIt has long been established that prenatal alcohol exposure can lead to long-term neurological, cognitive, and physical effects that can impact the daily lives of affected children. However, recently it has been noted that children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure also […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5691,"featured_media":0,"parent":157,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2125","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5691"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2125"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2221,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2125\/revisions\/2221"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medicine.st-andrews.ac.uk\/SleepHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}